<p>The Savannah Victorian Historic District is a historic district in Savannah, Georgia. It is mostly residential in character and features Late Victorian, Queen Anne, and other architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>The district, which is not part of the Savannah Historic District, was first listed in 1974 and officially extended in 1982. The total area is bounded to the north by the Savannah Historic District, to the west by a public housing project, to the south by a neighborhood of early- to mid-20th-century residences, and to the east by a mixed-use area of Seaboard Coast Line railroad tracks, industry, commerce, housing, and vacant lots.</p><br>
<p>The original area formed in 1974 covers 45 city blocks and is bordered by Gwinnett, Price, Anderson, and Montgomery Streets. The 1982 extension is bounded by Gwinnett, Abercorn, and 31st Streets, and includes the Carnegie Colored Library, a park, and more residential structures.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Asbury United Methodist Church, a historic church building built in 1887 that in 2019 was listed on the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation&#39;s list of Places in Peril.</p><br>
<p>Georgia20131014 230 216-218 West Park Avenue.jpg216-218 West Park Avenue</p><br>
<p>Georgia20131014 231 214 West Park Avenue.jpg214 West Park Avenue</p><br>
<p>Georgia20131014 233 220 West Park Avenue - Copy.jpg220 West Park Avenue</p><br>
<p>Asbury Methodist Church, Savannah, GA, US.jpgAsbury United Methodist Church, 1201 Abercorn</p><br>
<p>The Sears, Roebuck and Company Store, at 800 West Broadway in Louisville, Kentucky, is a building which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "one of few structures in Louisville and the only major commercial/retail building constructed in the Art Deco style. Built in 1928, the structure incorporates features characteristic of the style, including strong vertical elements and geometric patterns in the detailing."</p><br>
<p>The Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church, Convent and Rectory is a Roman Catholic church complex located at 1000 Eliot Street in Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sacred Heart, built in 1875, was the third German Roman Catholic church constructed in Detroit. The parish was founded to serve the German members of the Detroit community, not only with the church itself, but also with its primary and secondary schools. The church continued as a primarily German parish until after World War I, when large numbers of blacks moved into Detroit and settled along Hastings Street. The German population slowly moved out at this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, some of the newer black residents of the Catholic faith established a chapel at old St. Mary&#39;s. In 1914, the growing congregation moved to a converted Episcopalian church at Eliot and Beaubien. The church flourished, and in the late 1930s, the congregation petitioned to move to the nearby Sacred Heart, due in part to the school building on the site. In 1938, Sacred Heart was converted from a German parish to an African American parish. The congregation at this time measured approximately 1500 members, and they quickly utilized the school at Sacred Heart, graduating the first high school class in 1945.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the Interstate 75 freeway was built through the area, displacing the black parishioners living on Hastings. In 1957, the parish closed its secondary school and, eight years later, its primary school. However, the church still continues to offer weekly mass.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Sacred Heart church is a red brick, pedimented Italianate structure with an entrance projecting toward the street. The wood belfry and spire are painted a cream color, contrasting with the deep red of the brick walls. Six bays with two-story windows line both sides of this church. The seventh bay houses the sacristy and service rooms are located in the seventh bays.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Gildersleeve Octagonal Building, also known as Mattituck, the Octagon House and Mattituck Octagon House, is an historic octagon house located at Main Road  and Love Lane in Mattituck, New York. It was built in 1854 by Andrew Gildersleeve, a master carpenter, who used it for his family home as well as for a store.</p><br>
<p>On August 19, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Daggett House is an historic house in Slater Park in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The house is the oldest standing house in Pawtucket and one of the oldest surviving buildings in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The large farmhouse was built around 1685 for John Daggett, Jr. near the previous site of his fathers house. The fathers house is said to have been destroyed during King Philip&#39;s War.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably inherited in 1707 by Daggetts eldest surviving son, Joseph Daggett, a doctor of medicine, a wheelwright, and a miller. The farm is presumed to have been inherited by Josephs son Israel, a cooper, in 1727. The house passed to various members of the Daggett family by inheritance or purchase, ending with Jefferson Daggett and his eldest son, Edwin O. Daggett. They continued to farm the property at least until 1870, when Jefferson died. The farm went into decline after the death of Jefferson Dagget, and was purchased as a "wornout farm" by the city in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The house was restored by the Daughters of the American Revolution starting in 1902 and opened as a museum in 1905. Advance notice is required for a tour. Contact the park office M-F 8:30-4:30 or the Pawtucket Chapter of the DAR 722-6931 or 724-4758 as per the information posted on the exterior of the house July 2, 2017.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns–St. Lukes Evangelical Church is a congregation of the United Church of Christ located at 2120 Russell Street in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns is the oldest German Protestant church in Detroit, founded in 1833 by Rev. Friedrich Schmid, who had been sent to America by the Evangelical Mission Society of Basel, Switzerland. The first worship service took place August 18, 1833 in the carpenter shop of John Hais. Pastor Schmid served the congregation until July 1836. German was the language used exclusively in the worship service until 1938. St. Johns was the base from which twelve other German Protestant churches in the city were formed. St. Luke Evangelical church was organized in 1891. St. Johns and St. Lukes merged in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was originally constructed in 1874, and was designed by architect Julius Hess. The façade features a large tower on one side and a smaller tower on the other, flanking the entranceway. A large lancet window dominates the façade and a gabled vestibule fronts the gabled entrance. The exterior has been extensively altered from its original appearance. The structure of the church is brick, but in 1915 the exterior was completely covered in Formstone, a cast concrete made to resemble limestone.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church is High Victorian Gothic in design, painted white and gold with elaborate Gothic woodwork. The lighting system is historically significant, and the church features a Votteler organ.</p><br>
<p>The Verendrye Site is an historical archaeological site off Verendrye Drive in Fort Pierre, Stanley County, South Dakota, United States. Now a small public park, it is the place where the La Vérendrye brothers, the first known Europeans to explore this area, placed a lead plate bearing the crest of France, to claim the territory for their homeland, during their 1742-43 expedition to the Rocky Mountains.</p><br>
<p>This site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991. A monument has been erected at the site to explain the history.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>The Verendrye Site occupies a low hill overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River, which flows south between Fort Pierre and Pierre. It is accessed via a paved drive from Verendrye Drive to the north. A small circular turnaround has a few spaces for parking, and the noted monument is directly adjacent.</p><br>
<p>The marker is made of granite and stands about 4 ft high. It bears this inscription: Here on // March 30, 1743 // The Verendryes // Buried a lead // tablet to claim // this region for // France. This // tablet found // on Feb. 16, 1913, is // the first written // record of the // visit of white // men to // South Dakota. In smaller type, the inscription continues: Erected by // State Historical // Society // and Ft. Pierre // Commercial Club // 1933.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye was a leading explorer for New France, and with his four sons he led many early exploratory expeditions into the northern plains of North America. By the 1730s, the Vérendryes had established several trading posts in what are now North Dakota and Canada. Their expedition of 1742-43 sought to extend the range of influence further west, with an ultimate goal of reaching the Pacific Ocean. In this they were unsuccessful.</p><br>
<p>They are believed to have explored into present-day Montana and Wyoming, but there is significant scholarly debate about exactly which Native American peoples they encountered and where they went. The brothers leading the expedition (probably Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye and François de La Vérendrye, but sources of the expedition are ambiguous) documented the secret placement of a 8 1/2" by 6 1/2" lead plate bearing the French coat of arms and text in Latin about the King of France on a bluff overlooking the Missouri. They told the local Native Americans that the cairn they built over the site was a memorial of their passage, but it marked their claim of the territory for France.</p><br>
<p>The lead plate was rediscovered in 1913 by children playing on the eroding hillside. It is now held by the state historical society, and the city has preserved the site as a park. A 4-foot monument was erected in 1933 at the site by the state historical society and local chamber of commerce, marking it for its historical interest. Flags of the US, France and South Dakota are flown here. The area has been explored for archeological artifacts. Discovery of the plate has enabled scholars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries to clarify some aspects of the expedition&#39;s travels. The commemorative granite marker was placed in 1933.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pierre Chouteau, also just Fort Pierre, was a major trading post and military outpost in the mid-19th century on the west bank of the Missouri River in what is now central South Dakota. Established in 1832 by Pierre Chouteau, Jr. of St. Louis, Missouri, whose family were major fur traders, this facility operated through the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>It was for many years the largest trading post in the northern Great Plains and a major trans-shipment point for buffalo furs. The archaeological remains of the fort, located in Stanley County just north of the town of Fort Pierre, were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Fort Pierre Chouteau was located just north of the confluence of the Missouri and Bad rivers, on a low terrace above the west bank of the Missouri River. This site was of strategic importance for several reasons. It served as a midpoint among the outposts of the American Fur Company (AFC), which monopolized trade on the upper Missouri by 1830, and as an endpoint for a major overland shipment route to Fort Laramie in present-day eastern Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>This fort was built as a replacement for Fort Tecumseh, located on what is now LaFramboise Island closer to the river confluence. The island fort had been built in 1817 by the Columbia Fur Company, the AFC&#39;s predecessor in the regional fur trade. That fort was poorly sited and subject to flooding from the river. Some of its timber elements were reused in the construction of Fort Pierre Chouteau.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first people of European descent to encounter Native Americans in the Fort Pierre area were a pair of French explorers, the La Vérendrye brothers, during their 1743–44 expedition. They buried an inscribed lead plate on a hill near the confluence of the Missouri and Bad Rivers, claiming the territory for the King as part of New France.</p><br>
<p>The next major non-native visitors were members of the American Lewis and Clark Expedition, who camped in the area in 1804. They were commissioned by the United States government to explore and survey major areas of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In 1817 trader Joseph La Framboise, Jr., son of parents from Quebec and Ontario who were fur traders in the region, established a French-Canadian trading post here. His mother was Métis and took over the post in Michilimackinac, Michigan after her husband&#39;s death. The development of the trading post marked the start of permanent white settlement of the Missouri/Bad River area.</p><br>
<p>In 1822, former fur traders for the privately held, British Hudson&#39;s Bay Company established the Columbia Fur Company in competition. They built Fort Tecumseh as well as other outposts on the Upper Missouri. In 1827 John Jacob Astor through his American Fur Company, a near monopoly, purchased the assets of the Columbia Fur Company. The AFC turned management of the Upper Missouri Operation (UMO) over to Bernard Pratte and Pierre Chouteau, Jr. of St. Louis, Missouri. When Chouteau ascended the Missouri River in 1832 on the maiden voyage of the steamship Yellowstone, he ordered construction of what was formally dubbed Fort Pierre in his honor. Astor retired from the fur business in 1834, and Chouteau purchased the Fort Pierre operation. He eventually bought out Pratte and became the principal operator of this post and its fur trade.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pierre and the surrounding community rapidly developed as a major center for Chouteau&#39;s trading business. In addition to its central location for company logistics, it was also generally surrounded by a settlement of Lakota Sioux and other Plains Indian tribes, who traded buffalo furs for American and European goods. At its height in the 1850s, the company was part of a complex trading network extending from the Rocky Mountains to the Eastern United States and Europe: it shipped 100,000 fur robes through Fort Pierre.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s the American bison or buffalo was subjected to extreme over-huntings, caused in part by the fur trade and high world demand, but also spurred by the advance of American railroads into the western frontier. There was an increase in the number of men who hunted the animals for sport and killed as many as they could shoot. Pierre Chouteau sold the fort that bore his name to the United States government in 1854. The government found the facilities inadequate and abandoned them in 1857 in favor of Fort Randall to the south. Salvageable buildings and materials were transported to Fort Randall, and any surviving timbers were used to fuel steamboats on the river. The trade in buffalo furs effectively ended by the early 1860s, when the United States Army established a presence in the region.</p><br>
<h2>After closure</h2><br>
<p>Fort Pierre Chouteau became part of reservation lands assigned to the Sioux in the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868. When the Dakota Territory was partitioned in 1889 and the Sioux reservation was reduced in size, the forts land became available for homesteading. It was used as pasture land until 1930, when it was acquired by the state of South Dakota. The state property was further enlarged by a land gift in 1970. Archaeological activity in the 1980s identified a number of elements of the forts structure, confirming its location.</p><br>
<p>The site is now an open meadow just north of the city limits of Fort Pierre, on the north side of Fort Chouteau Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and became a National Historic Landmark in 1991. A stone marker is located near the center of the site, accessible by a gravel path. There are no visible remains of the fort&#39;s buildings and infrastructure. The state is developing plans for improved access and interpretation at the site.</p><br>
<p>The Mitchell Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 39DV2, is an important archaeological site in Mitchell, Davison County, South Dakota. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. At that time it was the only reliably dated site of the Lower James River Phase . The site, sheltered under a dome, is managed by a nonprofit organization and is open to the public as Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village. Visitors can watch archaeologists uncover artifacts in the Thomsen Center Archeodome. The Boehnen Memorial Museum features a reconstructed lodge and many of the artifacts found at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mitchell Site is located north of downtown Mitchell, on the east side of Indian Village Road, on a point overlooking Lake Mitchell. The site contains what was once a village made of lodges surrounded by a ditch and timber palisade.</p><br>
<p>The people who once lived on the Mitchell site acquired their food from many different sources. The discovery of food processing tools and carbonized seeds suggest that these people were growing much of their food. Artifacts, such as hoes and squash knives are also good indicators that they were farmers. Various types of carbonized seeds and corn cobs show they were growing corn, beans, squash, sunflowers and tobacco.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological history</h2><br>
<p>The site was first recorded archaeologically in 1922, when it was described as including 45 earth lodge sites, extending northward on a spur of land overlooking Firesteel Creek. The creek has since been dammed to form Lake Mitchell, and the area south of the surviving site elements has been landscaped as part of a golf course. The latter work in particular has compromised the ditches that originally surrounded the settlement. Two house depressions were excavated in 1938 by a crew funded by the Works Progress Administration. A house excavated in 1971 showed evidence of having been destroyed by fire, but included remarkable detail on its architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 1975 a nonprofit organization was founded to continue archaeological work and to preserve the site.</p><br>
<p>Molstad Village, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 39DW234, is an archaeological site in Dewey County, South Dakota, United States, near the city of Mobridge. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. Four lodge sites were excavated in the early 1960s, uncovering post holes and cache pits, one of which contained skull-less human remains. Finds at the site included pottery fragments and stone tools. Bone tools were also found, including plows made from bison shoulder blades.</p><br>
<p>Molstad Village was named after Irene and Oscar Molstad, on whose ranch the village was found. The land belonged to Irene Molstad, a member of the federally recognized Cheyenne River Sioux Nation. She and her husband Oscar operated a cattle ranch, and allowed Smithsonian Institution researches to camp on their land while investing archaeological sites in the area in advance of the creation of Lake Oahe. The Molstad village site was excavated by this team in 1962 under the direction of J. Jake Hoffman.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Thompson Mounds are a complex of ancient archaeological sites in Buffalo County, South Dakota, near Fort Thompson and within the Crow Creek Reservation. Declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964 by the US Department of Interior, the mound complex extends for a distance of about 6 mi along the east bank of the Missouri River. It is one of the largest known complex of burial mounds in the Plains region north of Kansas.</p><br>
<p>One of the sites excavated in the 1950s was radiocarbon dated to c. 2450 BCE, showing nearly 5,000 years of indigenous human settlement. The mounds are believed to have been constructed in the Plains-Woodland period, beginning c. 800 CE.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Thompson Mounds are a series of low earthen mounds, extending from the eastern (downstream) end of the Missouri Rivers Big Bend, downriver along the eastern bank, past Fort Thompson and the Big Bend Dam. They are generally located on a terrace above the rivers bottomlands, roughly 50 ft above the river&#39;s typical level in the early 1960s. All of these are believed to be burial mounds, which in some cases overlay older cultural materials. The mounds generally date from Plains-Woodland times (c. 800) and were found to contain evidence of the first pottery-making peoples in the area.</p><br>
<p>The sites were known but not studied prior to the 1950s, when the United States Army Corps of Engineers began planning the construction of Big Bend Dam as part of a major flood control project of several dams on the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1957, archaeologists engaged in a series of digs to understand the sites better, and to perform salvage archaeology on sites that were likely to be inundated by the waters the dam would impound. In addition to burials found in the mounds, features of habitation were also discovered. These include stone hearths, pottery fragments, and stone tools. One of the sites excavated gave radiocarbon dates of c. 2450 BCE.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Cathedral is the Episcopal cathedral for the Diocese of Missouri. It is located at 1210 Locust Street in St. Louis, Missouri. The dean of the cathedral is the Very Reverend Kathie Adams-Shepherd. Adams-Shepherd is also the first female dean of this cathedral. Built during 1859–67, it is one of the few well-preserved surviving works of Leopold Eidlitz, a leading mid-19th-century American architect, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994 for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The cathedral was built between 1859 and 1867, and designed by architect Leopold Eidlitz. The Gothic Revival structure was an expression of the city&#39;s sense of its significance as the United States expanded westwards. It was one of the earliest churches influenced by the revival within the Episcopal Church of early Christian practices and styles, which later was influenced by the Oxford Movement originating in England. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The cathedral is located in what is now downtown St. Louis, at the southeast corner of Thirteenth and Locust streets. The main body of the church was built of Illinois sandstone, and its roof is of purple and green slate. It is basically a cruciform structure, with a tower projecting from the northern facade at the northwest corner. The base of the tower houses a baptistry, with a font of Italian marble.</p><br>
<p>A smaller sandstone chapel dates to 1893–95. From 1910 to 1912, a tower and porch were added of Indiana limestone. The chime of three steel bells, dedicated in 1912, were cast by the Bochumer Verein Foundry in 1904. The bourdon bell, weighing 5,732 pounds, is the largest bell in Missouri. The cathedral originally housed an organ from the Roosevelt Organ Company; in 1926 the Skinner Organ Company installed a new organ.</p><br>
<p>Montana silver magnate Charles D. McLure, a St. Louis native, was revealed to be the anonymous donor of $50,000 toward constructing the cathedral (approximately $6.5 million today).</p><br>
<p>The Frawley Ranch is an historic ranch in Lawrence County, South Dakota, near Spearfish, South Dakota. Henry Frawley developed what became the largest and most successful cattle ranch in western South Dakota by purchasing lands that had failed as smaller homesteading parcels. The property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Patrick Henry Frawley was born March 13, 1851, in Washington County, New York to Thomas and Honora (Hogan) Frawley who had immigrated from County Limerick, Ireland. Frawley was graduated from the University of Wisconsin law school in 1876. In 1877 the Indian lands of the Black Hills District was opened to settlers and Frawley traveled by train to Bismarck, North Dakota and then by wagon train to Deadwood, Dakota Territory, where he set up a law practice. He was successful from the start and in 1879 joined with a partner, Edward L. Kohen, as Frawley and Kohen law firm. In 1894 John P. Laffey and a James Frawley joined to form Frawley and Laffey. In 1896 James moved to Nome, Alaska and in 1903 E.L. Frawley joined to form Frawley and Frawley. The firm represented John Fitzgerald (Fitzgerald-Mallory Construction Company), also from County Limerick, in railroad construction from Deadwood to Edgemont, the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad, the American National Bank of Deadwood and various mining companies. During this time Frawley bought land and mining interests in the area.</p><br>
<p>On July 22, 1890, Henry married Cristina Anderson, sole heir to Centennial Farm that lay between Deadwood and Spearfish. They had three children Henry James, William C., and Honora. Frawley began to buy unsuccessful farms in the valley totaling more than 3000 acres, and by 1913 had over 4,783 acres from different farms referred to as the Upper, Lower, Middle, and East farms, that included the Anderson dairy with a brick barn, and a school. They bred Belgian and Percheron draft horses, as well as Hereford cattle.</p><br>
<p>After what seemed to be a bad business deal Henry Frawley had a breakdown in 1920 and went to Nebraska for treatment where he died in 1927. From 1920 Cristina ran the ranch as the matriarch until she died in 1942. Henry James Frawley, Sr. and the families of William and Honora Frawley jointly ran the ranch until Henry bought out the others in 1960. In 1962 Henry James Frawley, Jr. had completed college and joined his parents in running the ranch. In 1968 the state of South Dakota used eminent domain to gain a right-of-way for Interstate 90 through the northern pastures of the ranch. Tunnels were built so that livestock could cross under the interstate.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>Denver, Colorado developer Daryll Propp and his partner, Mike Kreke, who was head of the retail giant Douglas Holding (purchased by CVC), bought the property in 1998 as Elkhorn Ridge partners and started commercial development along the area of I-90 at exit 17. With a 30 million dollar investment the property contains an RV park, home sites, and a golf course. 2,800 acres was set aside as a conservation easement in perpetuity, through the South Dakota Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP), a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. Water and sewer was extended from Spearfish and the city limits expanded east of the golf course. Elkhorn Ridge announced a back-nine extension project was to start 2014 with an unknown completion date.</p><br>
<p>The George Caleb Bingham House is a historic house, part of Arrow Rock State Historic Site in Arrow Rock, Missouri, United States. Built in 1837, it was the principal residence of portraitist and landscape painter George Caleb Bingham  from 1837 to 1845. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The George Caleb Bingham House is located in the rectangular grid of streets that make up the village of Arrow Rock, near its eastern end at the southeast junction of 1st and High Streets. This property is included in, and forms part of the northern boundary of, the Arrow Rock State Historic Site. The house is a small single-story brick structure, with a three-bay front facade, side gable roof, and chimneys built into the end walls. Its main block has two rooms, and there is a wood-frame addition to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1837 by George Caleb Bingham, then just married and starting his career. He lived intermittently in this house until 1845, and it is where he developed his signature style of portrait and landscape painting that featured the landscapes and people of the Missouri frontier.</p><br>
<p>The house underwent a number of significant changes after Bingham moved out. By 1870 it had reportedly been enlarged, and a second story added. In 1926 it was purchased by a preservationist, and it was acquired by the state in 1934. It was then subjected to a restoration that removed all additions and reduced it to its brick core. It was given a more thoughtful restoration in 1964–65, with the goal of returning it to a Federal style appearance, due to a lack of documentary evidence of its condition during Bingham&#39;s residency.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Erlanger House is a historic house at 5127 Waterman Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. As a National Historic Landmark, it was designated to recognize the achievements of Joseph Erlanger , an American doctor and physiologist, who was awarded with the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1944. It was Erlanger&#39;s home from 1917 until his death. However, the house is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Erlanger House is located in the St. Louis&#39; Forest Park area, on the north side of Waterman Boulevard, between Lake Avenue and Kingshighway Boulevard. It is an architecturally undistinguished suburban two story brick building, with a dormered hip roof. The front facade is made up of two bays wide, with a single-story porch extending across its width. A polygonal window bay projects above the main entrance and a two-story bay projects from the right side. The front roof face has a rounded dormer with three sash windows. The interior follows a side hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The house is said to have been built about 1903, and was purchased by Dr. Joseph Erlanger in 1917. It is here that Erlanger raised his family and lived while working at Washington University in St. Louis, until the end of his life. Erlanger, a graduate of Johns Hopkins University, first achieved notice as a cardiologist, but achieved his greatest success in the field of neurophysiology. In collaboration with Herbert Spencer Gasser, he developed apparatus for making detailed sensitive measurements of electrical charges that passed through nerve fibers, establishing a relationship between the level of action potential and the nerve diameter. For this, he and Gasser shared the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.</p><br>
<p>The Laura Ingalls Wilder House is a historic house museum at 3060 Highway A in Mansfield, Missouri. Also known as Rocky Ridge Farm, it was the home of author Laura Ingalls Wilder from 1896 until her death in 1957. The author of the Little House on the Prairie series, Wilder began writing the series while living there. The house, together with the nearby Rock Cottage on the same property, represents one of the few surviving places where she resided. Shortly after her death local residents initiated legal steps to acquire the house through the incorporation of a non-profit organization to preserve her legacy. Owned by the Laura Ingalls Wilder Home Association, the house is open to the public for tours. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>in 1894 Laura and Almanzo Wilder paid a $100 down payment on 40 acre of farmland. They named their home "Rocky Ridge." Two rooms of the house were initially built between 1895 and 1897. Further additions through 1912 brought the house to its present form with ten rooms. Most of the work was done by Almanzo, with help from local carpenters and from Laura, using local materials.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a museum devoted to Laura and her writings. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 19, 1970, and was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 17, 1991. It is part of the Wilder Museum, but is not included in the National Historic Landmark designation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wilder house is an irregularly-shaped wood-frame structure, typically stories in height with a raised attic section that approaches two stories in places. The original kitchen and one other room are one story. It has several porches. Dormers and gable windows provide light and air to the upper level. There are six rooms on the main level, and three on the upper level.</p><br>
<h2>Rock House</h2><br>
<p>A pleasant pathway leads from the main house to the Rock House, about 1/3 miles long. The Rock House is also accessible by a separate parking area.</p><br>
<p>The Mutual Musicians Foundation Building is a historic building at 1823 Highland Avenue in Kansas City, Missouri. It is also known as the Mutual Musicians Association Building or the Musicians Union Local or the Local No. 627 of the American Federation of Musicians. It was a center of the development of the "Kansas City Style" of jazz, and was immortalized in the song "627 Stomp". Famous members of the Mutual Musicians Foundation included Count Basie, Bennie Moten, Jay McShann, George F. Lee, singer Julia Lee, trumpeter Hot Lips Page, tenor saxophonists Dick Wilson, Herschel Evans and Lester Young, alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, drummer Baby Lovett, and pianist Pete Johnson. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1981. It continues to be used as an active performing venue, and also houses a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mutual Musicians&#39; Foundation Building is located in downtown Kansas City, on the east side of Highland Avenue between 18th and 19th Streets. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of pressed brick that has been covered in painted stucco. Originally built as a multiunit residential property, many of its windows have been removed, their openings filled either by bricks or glass blocks. The interior has been extensively altered from its original residential appearance.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Kansas City became a major center for a new style of jazz that resulted from a significant influx of musicians to the city. American Federation of Musicians Local #627 was founded in 1917, and would over a three-decade period have as members many leading jazz musicians of the period. The local sponsored tournaments in which musicians competed, whose proceeds were eventually used to acquire and adapt this building as its headquarters. The "Kansas City jazz" era ended in 1939, when political reformers gained control of the city and closed many of its clubs and musical establishments. The Mutual Musicians&#39; Foundation, established in 1929 as the Negro Musicians Association, sponsored jam sessions and events here through the 1950s and 1960s, a practice that continues today.</p><br>
<p>Anheuser-Busch Brewery is a brewery complex in St. Louis, Missouri. It was opened in 1852 by German immigrant Adolphus Busch. It a National Historic Landmark District. The Lyon Schoolhouse Museum is on the grounds at the Anheuser-Busch Brewery. It is considered to be one of oldest school buildings in St Louis. It served as the head offices of the brewery after 1907. The museum contains rare mementos gathered from the founding of the company to current day, including pictures of the brewery and its expansion over the years. The 142 acre property includes 189 buildings. Some of the most striking are red brick Romanesque architecture with crenelated towers and elaborate ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>The company keeps a rotation of its Budweiser Clydesdales at its headquarters; the historic draft horses were originally used to pull wagons carrying beer in the 19th-century days of the company and are now one of the recognizable symbols of the brand. Visitors to the brewery can observe the Clydesdales in their exercise field and see their places in the carriage house.</p><br>
<p>Some of the herd is kept at the company farm in St. Louis County. Known as Grant&#39;s Farm (having been owned by former President Ulysses S. Grant at one time), this complex is also home to other animals such as elephants, tortoises, and a variety of mammals. Since 2008, approximately half of the Budweiser Clydesdales have been kept at the Warm Springs Ranch near Booneville, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>The brewery was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 1966, recognizing the company&#39;s place in the history of beer brewing and distribution in the United States. The landmarked area includes 189 structures spread over 142 acre, including many red brick Romanesque ones "with square crenelated towers and elaborate details." The Brew House, built in 1891-1892, is particularly notable for its "multi-storied hop chandeliers, intricate iron-work, and utilization of natural light".</p><br>
<p>Graham Cave is a Native American archeological site near Mineola, Missouri in Montgomery County in the hills above the Loutre River. It is located in the 356 acre Graham Cave State Park. The entrance of the sandstone cave forms a broad arch 120 ft wide and 16 ft high. Extending about 100 ft into the hillside, the cave protects an historically important Pre-Columbian archaeological site from the ancient Dalton and Archaic period dating back to as early as 10,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Graham Cave was formed at the point of contact of Jefferson City dolomite and St. Peter sandstone. Due to water flowing and freezing, the cave grew over the years. The cave originally extended about 100 feet into the hill, but an accumulation of debris over the years filled the lower part of the cave with about seven feet of deposits. With a broad entrance, the cave provided sufficient shelter to humans and animals alike.</p><br>
<p>Robert Graham, who originally settled in the area in 1816 when he purchased some bottomland from a son of Daniel Boone, purchased the property including the cave in 1847. Grahams son D.F. Graham sheltered hogs in the cave and became interested in archeology from the artifacts he found there. After his death, his collection of artifacts was offered by his son Benjamin to the University of Missouri, which investigated the cave in 1930. Benjamins son-in-law was persuaded to delay plans to enlarge the shelter for his livestock in 1948 so that archeological excavations could be made.</p><br>
<p>The University of Missouri and the Missouri Archaeological Society excavated the cave between 1949 and 1961. These excavations revealed clues that linked the site to the lifestyle of the Dalton and Archaic Native Americans. The importance of the findings in that period resulted in the site being the first archaeological site in the United States to be designated a National Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Reports were published by the Missouri Archaeological Society. The first report was published by W. D. Logan in 1952 and a second report was published by Walter Klippel in 1971. The site is discussed by Professor Carl Chapman in The Archaeology of Missouri, volume 1 (1975), and by Professors O&#39;Brien and Wood in The Prehistory of Missouri (1998).</p><br>
<p>The cave is now part of a 370 acre state park operated by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Visitors are allowed up to the entrance of the cave where interpretive signs point out important archaeological discoveries.</p><br>
<p>The Colfax County Courthouse in Springer, New Mexico, is a building on the National Register of Historic Places that was used as a seat of county government for Colfax County, New Mexico from 1881 until 1897. The building is located at 614 Maxwell Avenue, Springer, NM 87747, and today it houses a museum devoted to the Santa Fe Trail. The building was placed on the National Register in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The arrival of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad caused the county seat of Colfax County to be moved from Cimarron to what would become Springer in 1881. The construction of a new courthouse began in 1879.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in Second Empire Style, and is a typical New Mexico Territorial courthouse. The symmetrical, two-story building has a pitched roof, arched windows, and projecting three-story tower. The courtroom was on the second floor, with the judge&#39;s chambers in the rear. A single brick jail cell was later added at the back of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1885, the courthouse lawn was the site of one of the last gun battles of the Colfax County War.</p><br>
<p>In 1897, as the result of a referendum and legislative action, the county seat was moved from Springer to Raton, forty miles to the north. The county clerk in Springer refused to release the county records until officials removed them by force.</p><br>
<p>From 1910 to 1917, the courthouse was the first home of the New Mexico Reform School, which was later renamed the New Mexico Industrial School for Boys. After that, the courthouse was the site of the municipal offices and the Springer Public Library.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, Springer residents voted to make the building into a museum devoted to the history of the Santa Fe Trail.</p><br>
<p>The Sam Rayburn House Museum is a historic house museum at 890 West Texas State Highway 56 in Bonham, Fannin, Texas. Built in 1916, it was home to Sam Rayburn , a famously effective Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. Since 1972, it has been operated as a museum and state historic site by the Texas Historical Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Sam Rayburn House is located on about 2 acre on the south side of Texas Highway 56, on the western outskirts of Bonham. The property includes the main house, a storage building, shed, garage, wellhouse, and barn. The main house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is protected by a shed-roof portico with two-story Tuscan columns, and there are three gabled dormers projecting from the roof. The facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance framed by sidelight and transom windows, topped by a projecting cornice.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally thought to be built around 1904, before the Rayburn family purchased the property. Subsequent research later determined the date to be 1916, since Sam Rayburns brother Tom took a lien on the property without the house on it. As originally built, the house was smaller and had a hip roof; its present configuration is the result of a major expansion commissioned by Rayburn from Dallas architect W.B. Yarborough. Rayburn occupied the house until his death in 1961. Since he died divorced and childless, his sister lived there until her death in 1969, after which it was taken over by the Sam Rayburn Foundation. In 1972, the foundation turned most of the property (excepting only the barn) to the state for preservation. All the furnishings are original and remain as they were when the Rayburns lived there. Rayburns 1947 Cadillac is also on site.</p><br>
<p>Rayburn was one of the most influential Congressmen of the first half of the 20th century, serving for 17 years as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was an important force in maintaining harmony between the northern and southern wings of the Democratic Party, and served as a mentor to future president Lyndon B. Johnson. Of three residences known to be associated with Rayburn, this one is the best preserved and most evocative of his life.</p><br>
<p>The Shelley House is a historic house at 4600 Labadie Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri. Built in 1906, this duplex was the focus of the 1948 United States Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer, which ruled that judicial enforcement by state courts of racially restrictive covenants violated the Constitution. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 14, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story brick rowhouse, typical of many found in St. Louis, in the Fairground district of St. Louis. The house retains integrity of design and construction from the date of its construction and the date of its historic significance. The house is arranged with apartments upstairs and downstairs, entered by separate doors from the front porch. The framed front porch rests on brick pillars, with wood columns supporting the shed roof. Both levels follow a four-room plan, flanked by a side hall. The front rooms feature a fireplace. An addition to the rear houses a bedroom on both levels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The J. D. Shelley family had moved from Starkville, Mississippi in 1930, fleeing from racially motivated violence. After renting for a time, the Shelleys sought to buy the house at 4600 Labadie in 1945. The house was under a 1911 covenant that prohibited the sale of the house to anyone of the "Negro or Mongolian race" for a fifty-year period, of which the Shelleys were unaware. The Shelleys were sued by the Louis D. Kraemer family, owners of other property on the street, to restrain the Shelleys from taking title to the property. While the trial court held for the Shelleys, the decision was reversed by the Missouri Supreme Court in 1946. The Shelleys appealed to the United States Supreme Court in 1947. The USA Office of the Solicitor General filed, for the first time in a civil rights case, an amicus curiae ("friend of the court") brief in support of the Shelleys. The May 3, 1948 decision rendered all racially restrictive covenants unenforceable on the grounds that enforcing them would violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.</p><br>
<p>The Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District was the site of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the 1904 Summer Olympics. Many of the exposition buildings were temporary in nature, but a number of permanent structures were built and are used by Washington University, which calls this area the Danforth Campus. The district includes more than fifty structures, of which twenty are in the Collegiate Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>The overall plan for the Washington University campus was conceived by Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot in 1895, and a national competition was held in 1899 for the new buildings. Cope and Stevenson of Philadelphia was the winning firm, drawing on experience gained at Bryn Mawr College, the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University. As construction proceeded, plans for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition incorporated the new buildings, leasing the campus and providing funding for more buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Collegiate Gothic structures form a unified composition, despite their construction over a fifty-year period. This is attributed to a style guide compiled by architect James P. Jamieson, who defined the use of red granite, green slate shingles and copper flashing and drainage details. Windows are set in limestone surrounds. Buildings are typically sited around a quadrangle that forms a high point, so that the building elevations facing the quad are two stories, while the rear elevations are three stories. Plans are standardized with many buildings using an elongated H-shaped plan with a central tower of three to five stories.</p><br>
<p>University buildings included:</p><br>
<p>Brookings Hall (1900), the defining landmark on Washington University campus, used as the Exposition&#39;s administration building.</p><br>
<p>Busch Hall (1900), used for the fair&#39;s Division of Works, including architects, engineers and construction management.</p><br>
<p>Ridgley Library (1901), used by the British Government for the display of items from Queen Victoria&#39;s Diamond Jubilee.</p><br>
<p>Eads Hall (1902), used by the Board of Lady Managers.</p><br>
<p>Cupples Hall I (1901), used for anthropology, including mummies in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Cupples Hall II(1901), used for the Jefferson Guard, the fair&#39;s security apparatus.</p><br>
<p>Prince Hall (1901)</p><br>
<p>Karl D. Umrath Hall (1902), used as a guest dormitory</p><br>
<p>Francis Gymnasium (1902) and Francis Field (1902-1903), used for displays of physical culture and the Third Olympic Games.</p><br>
<p>Later compatible additions include McMillan Hall (1906), Graham Chapel (1907), Newton R. Wilson Memorial Hall (1923), Duncker Hall (1923), Grace Vallé January Hall (1923), Charles Rebstock Hall (1926), the Ann W. Olin Women&#39;s Building (1927), Wayman Crow Hall (1933), George Warren Brown Memorial Hall (1935), the Sever Institute of Technology (1948) and Louderman Hall (1951).</p><br>
<p>Other buildings constructed for the Exposition include:</p><br>
<p>The Palace of Fine Art, designed by architect Cass Gilbert, featured a grand interior sculpture court based on the Roman Baths of Caracalla. Standing at the top of Art Hill, it now serves as the home of the St. Louis Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Missouri State building was planned as a permanent structure, but it burned down on November 18, and since the fair was almost over it was not rebuilt. After the fair, the World&#39;s Fair Pavilion was built on the site of the Missouri building.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1913, the Jefferson Memorial building was built near the main entrance to the Exposition, at Lindell and DeBalivere. It was built with proceeds from the fair, to commemorate Thomas Jefferson, who initiated the Louisiana Purchase, and to store the Exposition&#39;s records and archives. It is now home to the Missouri History Museum.</p><br>
<p>St. Davids Episcopal Church, also known as St. Davids at Radnor or Old St. David&#39;s, is a parish of the Episcopal Church located at 763 South Valley Forge Road in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. The church property contains the original church built in 1715, a chapel, church offices, school and cemetery. The property straddles the borders of Radnor Township and Newtown Township in Delaware County and the majority of the cemetery is in Easttown Township, Chester County. It was founded c. 1700 in the Welsh Tract section of the Province of Pennsylvania by Welsh settlers and has grown to be the largest congregation in the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania with approximately 3,000 members. The original church and cemetery were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>After the establishment of the Welsh Tract in the colony of Pennsylvania, the area was settled by numerous emigrants from Wales, particularly Welsh Quakers, although Welsh people of other faiths, drawn by Pennsylvania&#39;s religious toleration and the opportunity to conduct their affairs in their own language, settled the area as well. In those days, life on the frontier saw exercise of religious beliefs in a limited way (frequently without houses of worship or clergy), which became a concern to many. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in London, sent the Welsh Anglican Rev. Evan Evans to the area as a circuit missionary. He began holding fortnightly services in private houses, including that of William Davis in the area known as Radnor, in the southern part of the Welsh Tract, starting November, 1700. The first mention of a church is in 1700 with historical records mentioning a church made of logs at the location of the current old stone church which was intended to also be used as a shelter against potential attacks from native Americans.</p><br>
<p>In 1708, John Oldmixon in his book The British Empire in America noted that</p><br>
<p>After Rev. Evans&#39; departure, the Welsh-speaking Anglicans of Radnor sent the Society a 100-signature petition requesting a shipment of Welsh-language prayer books and Bibles, and especially requesting another Welsh-speaking missionary. A complete response was apparently slow in coming; ten years later, upon meeting their new leader, the parishioners "heartily engaged themselves to build a handsome stone church to be named after the Patron Saint of Wales". The cornerstone of the new building was laid on May 9, 1715.</p><br>
<p>An early pastor, the Rev. John Clubb, who served from about 1707 to 1715, and later the Rev. Robert Weyman, who served during the 1720s, were paid by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and shared duties between St. David&#39;s and Old Trinity Church, located about 20 miles to the east in Oxford.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary and Federal periods</h3><br>
<p>With the coming of the American Revolution in the colonies, a wave of resentment against the Church of England (which professed loyalty to the king) arose among the congregation. A leader of this opposition was Anthony Wayne, a lifelong member of St. Davids who was later appointed major general of the American forces. The rector, the Rev. William Currie, bound by his oath of duty to the king, resigned his position, which remained officially vacant for 12 years (Rev. Currie performed marriages, baptisms, and the like privately until at least 1783). During the war, no services were held in the church. The church building provided shelter for soldiers of both sides and Continental Army soldiers cut the lead out of the windows of the church to use as bullets. After the nearby Battle of Brandywine, sixteen British soldiers were buried in the cemetery at St. Davids.</p><br>
<p>While St. David&#39;s left the organization of the Church of England, it remained in the Anglican Communion, and the church was represented at the first General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States in 1784, after the peace treaty was signed.</p><br>
<p>The church was formally incorporated and chartered in August 1792. A church school was organized in 1820. The first confirmation services were conducted by Bishop William White, who became the first Presiding Bishop. The first physical addition to the church holdings was the fieldstone "Old Rectory" in 1844.</p><br>
<h3>Suburbanization</h3><br>
<p>After the construction of the "main line" of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1832, the once-isolated community began to evolve more rapidly, particularly after the railroad built local stations and offered frequent train service in the Philadelphia area. One of the way stations on the Main Line was named St. Davids for the church (the station is approximately 3 miles/4 km from the church), and a community of the same name grew up around the station. The community has no post office of its own, and is served by the nearby Wayne post office. As Philadelphians began to live outside the city in the late 19th century, the church&#39;s parishioners became more suburban.</p><br>
<p>As the congregation grew, the parish expanded accordingly. A parish house (office building), with church school facilities, was built in 1924 and enlarged in 1950. Further growth of the congregation led to heated discussion over whether the parish should accommodate a burgeoning membership or retain its early character; this was resolved by the 1956 construction of a new worship building, several times the size of the original church.</p><br>
<p>On October 13, 1947, a Pennsylvania Historical Marker was placed at St. David&#39;s Church to recognize the historical importance of the site. The old church built in 1715 and cemetery were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 1978.</p><br>
<p>A separate building was built for Sunday school classes in 1965, the year the parish celebrated its 250th anniversary at a service attended by the Bishop of St David&#39;s in Wales. The building is named the Knewstub Building for a former rector of the parish.</p><br>
<p>Continued growth of the congregation rendered the chapel too small by the time it was 50 years old. A new, larger chapel, seating 650, was constructed adjacent to the old one in 2006. A three-manual, 48-stop, mechanical action organ was installed in 2007. The old chapel, its pews, etc., removed, is now named St. David&#39;s Hall, hosting receptions after services and other church-related activities, and serving as a connector between the new chapel and the parish offices.</p><br>
<p>The church grounds lie at the intersection of three townships and two counties. The old church building, along with a small portion of the graveyard, is located in Newtown Township, Delaware County; the chapel and offices are located in Radnor Township, Delaware County; and most of the graveyard is in Easttown Township, Chester County.</p><br>
<h2>Longfellow poem</h2><br>
<p>In March 1880, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow visited St. Davids. Struck by the peace and quiet of "this little church among its graves", he composed a poem about it: "Old St. Davids at Radnor", which was published later that same year in the collection Ultima Thule. The poem refers to another poet, Welshman George Herbert, and the small Bemerton church of which he was rector.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Structures</h2><br>
<p>The "old" church building, constructed 1715, was added to or modified a number of times, in 1767, 1771, 1786, 1813, 1830, and 1907. These modifications included the relocation of the altar, the addition of an enclosed stair to the choir loft, the addition of a vestry room to the north, and the construction of an enclosure for the main entry door. A horse shed was built in 1850, and added to in 1871. The horse shed has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>These structures were recorded in the Historic American Buildings Survey. Numerous photographs were also taken.</p><br>
<h2>Graveyard</h2><br>
<p>Notable burials at St. David&#39;s include:</p><br>
<p>William W. Atterbury (1866–1935), Brigadier General in World War I, and President of the Pennsylvania Railroad 1925–35</p><br>
<p>Rose Bampton (1907–2007), opera singer</p><br>
<p>George W. Pepper (1867–1961), USA Senator 1922–27</p><br>
<p>V. Gilpin Robinson (1851–1942), Pennsylvania State Representative for Delaware County, 1911–13</p><br>
<p>Helen Hope Montgomery Scott (1904–1995), Socialite and philanthropist</p><br>
<p>Edward Lowber Stokes (1880–1964), US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Anthony Wayne (1745–1796), Continental Army Brigadier general during the American Revolution</p><br>
<p>Isaac Wayne (1699–1774), member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly</p><br>
<p>Isaac Wayne (1772–1852) USA Representative from Pennsylvania, 1823–25</p><br>
<p>R. Norris Williams (1891–1968), professional tennis player and Olympic athlete</p><br>
<p>The grave of American Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne at St. Davids is one of his two graves. He died during a return trip to Pennsylvania from a military post in Detroit. He was initially buried at Fort Presque Isle, Pennsylvania. His son, Isaac Wayne, disinterred the body in 1809 and had the corpse boiled to remove the flesh from the bones. The remaining flesh was reburied at Fort Presque Isle and the bones were placed into two saddlebags and relocated to the family plot in the St. Davids graveyard. On June 5, 1811, The Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincinnati placed a monument in the cemetery to the memory of Anthony Wayne over the grave containing his bones.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>The missionaries (to 1714) and rectors (thereafter) of St. David&#39;s, with their years of service:</p><br>
<p>Evan Evans, D.D., 1700–1704</p><br>
<p>John Clubb, ca. 1707–, 1714–1715</p><br>
<p>Evan Evans, D.D., 1716–1718</p><br>
<p>John Humphreys, 1718–1719</p><br>
<p>Robert Weyman, 1719–1730</p><br>
<p>Richard Backhouse, 1730–1732</p><br>
<p>Griffith Hughes, 1732–1736</p><br>
<p>William Currie 1737–1776 (officially), 1776–1785 (unofficially)</p><br>
<p>Slator Clay, 1786–1821</p><br>
<p>Samuel Crawford Brinckle, 1818–1832</p><br>
<p>Simon Wilmer, 1832–1833</p><br>
<p>William Henry Rees, D.D., 1833–1838</p><br>
<p>Willie Peck, 1838–1845</p><br>
<p>Breed Batcheller, 1845–1847</p><br>
<p>Thomas Greene Allen, 1847–1848</p><br>
<p>John Albemarle Childs, D.D., 1848–1850</p><br>
<p>Henry Brown, 1851–1855</p><br>
<p>Richardson Graham, 1856–1861</p><br>
<p>Thomas Green Clemson, Jr., 1861–1866</p><br>
<p>William Frederick Halsey, 1866–1882</p><br>
<p>George Alexander Keller, 1882–1902</p><br>
<p>James Hart Lamb, D.D., 1902–1918</p><br>
<p>William Cunningham Rodgers, D.D., 1919–1922</p><br>
<p>Crosswell McBee, D.D., 1922–1945</p><br>
<p>John Cecil Knewstub, 1945–1966</p><br>
<p>Richard Walton Hess, 1967–1983</p><br>
<p>Stephen Kent Jacobson, D.Min., 1984–1996</p><br>
<p>W. Frank Allen, 1997–2023</p><br>
<p>Devon Anderson (interim), 2024-2024</p><br>
<p>Rick Morley, 2024-</p><br>
<p>The Lawrence Township Historic District is a 550 acre historic district encompassing the community of Lawrenceville in Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1972 for its significance in architecture, landscape architecture, literature, military history, and transportation. The district includes 45 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district includes a number of buildings along US Route 206 (formerly King&#39;s Highway, as well as the Lincoln Highway), two early cemeteries associated with the Presbyterian Church of Lawrenceville (Est. 1697), and the Lawrenceville School. Prominent architects represented in the district include Peabody and Stearns, William Adams Delano, and Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<p>The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, built in 1916 in the Classical Revival style, is a historic Christian Science church edifice located at 132 E. 4th Street in Neillsville, Wisconsin. It was designed in the form of a Greek cross by Chicago architect L. J. Corbey for Christian Science Society, Neillsville, which had been organized in January, 1912 and which later became First Church of Christ, Scientist. Its front portico is supported by four large Tuscan columns. While small in size, the building projects a large presence. Its auditorium windows are of green opalescent art glass. On March 31, 2003, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>First Church of Christ. Scientist, Neillsville, is no longer listed in the Christian Science Journal.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Ashwood, Maury County, Tennessee, United States. Built from 1839 to 1842 by Bishop Leonidas Polk, it was an active church in the Antebellum South. It was ransacked and later used as a hospital for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. Services resumed after the war, but they were discontinued due to low attendance in 1915. It is now closed, except for an annual pilgrimage.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The church is located six miles southwest of Columbia, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land belonged to Colonel William Polk. One of his sons, Leonidas Polk, served as the rector of St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church, which was based in his own house, Ashwood Hall, from January 1, 1834 to August 9, 1838. Due to poor health, he was assisted in his ministry by James Hervey Otey.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, Leonidas Polk decided to erect the church building. Built by African slaves owned by Polk and his brothers, it was completed in the summer of 1842. It was consecrated on September 4, 1842.</p><br>
<p>The first permanent pastor, Stephen Patterson, was installed in July 1845. The congregation included both whites and blacks. A new rector, E. H. Cressy, was installed in 1848. The church bell was only placed in the tower as late as 1849. By 1858, James Hildebrand became the new rector. Mary Elizabeth Martin, Gideon Johnson Pillow&#39;s wife, and their son, attended services.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 1862, in the midst of the American Civil War of 1861-1865, Union Brigadier General Don Carlos Buell broke into the church building and ransacked it, breaking the window glasses. By 1864, it was converted into a hospital for the Confederate States Army. Days before the Battle of Franklin of November 30, 1864, General Patrick Cleburne (1828–1864) was passing by St. John&#39;s and he remarked to his aides something like, "This is such a beautiful church that it would almost be worth dying so one could be buried here." Meanwhile, Leonidas Polk was buried in a crypt inside the church in 1864.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, Richard N. Newell, a former Roman Catholic from England, became the new rector. However, services were discontinued in 1915 due to low attendance.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, upon request from the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana, Leonidas Polk&#39;s remains were taken from the church and he was re-buried at the Christ Church Cathedral in New Orleans, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>No longer an operating church, it is only used once annually for services. The attached graveyard is the burial site of four Episcopal Bishops of Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Eugene Field House is a historic house museum in St. Louis, Missouri. Built in 1845, it was the home of Roswell Field, an attorney for Dred Scott in the landmark Dred Scott v. Sandford court case. Fields son, Eugene Field, was raised there and became a noted writer of childrens stories. A National Historic Landmark, it is now a museum known as the Field House Museum. </p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Field House is located just south of Downtown St. Louis, at the northeast corner of South Broadway and Cerre Street. It is largely surrounded by parking lots, with Interstate 64 a short way to the north. It is a three-story brick building, three bays wide, with a side gable roof whose end wall sections are raised. The entrance is in the leftmost bay, in a panelled recess. The windows have stone sills and lintels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1845, and was once part of a row of similar buildings called Walshs Row. Most of these were torn down in the 20th century. Threatened with demolition, the house was transferred to the St. Louis Board of Education in 1936. Restored with funding from local preservationists, it opened as a museum to Eugene Field later that year. It was turned over to the Landmarks Association of St. Louis in 1968, and to the Eugene Field House Foundation in 1981. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2007, for its association with attorney Roswell Field, who was Eugene Fields father, and a lead attorney for Dred Scott. Fields legal work set the stage for Scotts final appeal to the United States Supreme Court, which was rejected in the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney issued a decision denying African Americans United States citizenship.</p><br>
<p>A plaque on the home was dedicated in 1902 with the help of author Mark Twain, who announced it as the birthplace of Eugene Field. Field&#39;s brother Roswell, however, noted that he was born elsewhere. Twain brushed the fact aside, telling him, "Officially and for the purposes of the future, your brother was born here." The inaccurate plaque remains. The plaque reads: "Here was born Eugene Field, the Poet, 1850–1895".</p><br>
<p>Los Angeles Nurses&#39; Club is a clubhouse and apartment building for nurses located in the Westlake district of Central Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The large building was built in 1924 by the Los Angeles Nurses&#39; Club. The club was organized and incorporated as a non-profit corporation in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The club&#39;s members conducted several bazaars, some theatre parties, and a dance, raising funds to buy a lot, which they then sold for a profit. By 1923, the club had raised sufficient funds to purchase a hilltop lot at the corner of Third Street and Lucas Street, west of Downtown Los Angeles in the Westlake district.</p><br>
<p>The clubhouse was intended to provide a place "where registered nurses may live and enjoy the few quiet hours spared from their arduous duties."</p><br>
<h3>Building</h3><br>
<p>Architect John J. Frauenfelder was hired to design the building. Frauenfelder designed a structure consisting of four stories and a basement. The ground floor had a large living room with a library and fireplace, which was intended to lend a "home-like atmosphere to the clubhouse." Frauenfelders plans also included an auditorium for lectures and motion pictures. A garden was built at the rear of the building with views of the mountains. The structure included housing for 100 nurses and was also the headquarters of the groups professional activities, including the city&#39;s Central Registry for nurses.</p><br>
<p>When completed in 1924, the building was the first clubhouse in the United States to be entirely financed and built by and for nurses. The cost of building the structure was $160,000. The "Angelus Sextette", composed of nurses from the Angelus Hospital, sang at the dedication ceremony in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>The Los Angeles Nurses&#39; Club building was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board in April 1988 (HCM #352). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Bohemian Citizens&#39; Benevolent Society is a private benevolent society founded in 1892 in Astoria, Queens, to support Czech and Slovak immigrants to the area, as well as people of Czech and Slovak ancestry. The society is commonly known as "Bohemian Hall" after its clubhouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The founders of the organization said that the purpose of the society is to encourage, support, and maintain Bohemian schools, dramatics, and libraries for Czech children and children of Czech heritage; to maintain a non-profit-making home social for Czechs and people of Czech ancestry in which the Czech culture may be taught and blended with American traditions and culture which makes the people better Americans. The organization has an annual revenue of $1,000,000 and employs a staff of approximately 14. The current president of the organization is Alan Svoboda.</p><br>
<h2>Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden</h2><br>
<p>The Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden has a big indoor and outdoor bar complex. The bar complex can hold 800 people and is open year-round. Food that the bar serves is Czech specialties. There is a linden tree that was planted by Václav Havel. There are old signs and flags from the Czech Republic inside the bar. There are beers from the Czech Republic and Slovakia like Golden Pheasant, BrouCzech, Pilsner Urquell, Krušovice, Czechvar, and Staropramen. Most of the workers speak Czech and English. Most of the regular people that are there are middle-aged and elderly immigrants. The Hall hosts holiday parties, ethnic festivals, local jazz groups, Czech rock bands, and touring acts. The Bohemian Hall hosts the annual Czech and Slovak festival. The hall also has a Sokol club and a Czech school. The Bohemian Hall keeps the people linked, visually and materially, to the past.</p><br>
<h3>Closure</h3><br>
<p>Revenue was so low in the early 1990s that the hall threatened to close. A large group of people, not all Czech, started a "Save the Hall" meeting. Václav Havel, the former president of Czechoslovakia, was so moved by the outcome of the meeting that when he stopped by in 2000 he stayed for hours and held a conference.</p><br>
<p>The Andalusia is an apartment building located at 1471-1475 Havenhurst Dr. in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, built in 1926 in Spanish Colonial Revival style. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. Additionally, it is designated as Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument No. 435.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Architects Arthur and Nina Zwebell designed the structure around a richly landscaped interior courtyard. Materials used reflected those commonly used in the Spanish Colonial Revival, Mediterranean Revival, Moorish Revival, and Mission Revival traditions: exposed wooden beams, cantilevered beams, carved wood, wrought iron, terracotta roof tiles, lightly textured buff-colored stucco, cast concrete, and brick. Over the years, a cast of actors from the Golden Age of Hollywood lived at the Andalusia, including Sondra Locke, Clara Bow, Marlon Brando, Jean Hagen, John Payne, Teresa Wright, Louis L&#39;Amour, Claire Bloom, and Cesar Romero. Later, actor Jason Schwartzman occupied one of the units. The building is located in a historic neighborhood south of Sunset Boulevard near the Chateau Marmont. The same block of Havenhurst Drive also includes two other apartment buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Colonial House (1416 Havenhurst Dr.) and the Ronda (1400–1414 Havenhurst Dr.).</p><br>
<p>Caparra is an archaeological site in the municipality of Guaynabo in northeastern Puerto Rico. Declared a USA National Historic Landmark in 1994, the site contains the remains of the first European settlement and capital of the main island of Puerto Rico, specifically the foundations of the residence of Juan Ponce de León, the first European conquistador and governor of Puerto Rico. Settled in 1508 and officially abandoned in 1521, it represents the oldest known European settlement in the United States. The site is on the grounds of the Museo de la Conquista y Colonización , which features artifacts from the area and other archaeological sites in Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1508, Juan Ponce de León founded the original Spanish settlement in Puerto Rico at Caparra, named after the abandoned ancient Roman village of Cáparra in the province of Cáceres, Spain, the birthplace of then-governor of Spain&#39;s Caribbean territories Nicolás de Ovando., Today it is known as the Pueblo Viejo barrio of Guaynabo, just to the west of the present San Juan metropolitan area.</p><br>
<p>The air was not wholesome and the mendicant friars insisted on moving the settlement closer to the bay and to the sea. They complained that the infants were dying. Their preferred area was that of the Islet of Puerto Rico ("rich port" or "good port"), because of its similar geographical features to the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands.</p><br>
<p>It was not until the end of Ponce de León&#39;s tenure as governor that they had their wish. By 1521, the move was complete and it was known as "Villa de Puerto Rico." With time the name of the island, San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico, traded places with what is now the capital of Puerto Rico: San Juan.</p><br>
<p>According to Floyd, "Ponce built the only stone house in the village, which for years functioned additionally as the Casa de Contratación, the archive, and the arsenal." It became his permanent home, where he was joined by his family in 1509.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological history</h2><br>
<p>The Caparra Site was first identified as important during a survey in 1936, as part of a program to develop tourist facilities on the island. Preliminary excavations spearheaded by Puerto Ricos fifth official historian, Adolfo de Hostos, in 1936 and 1937, identified a large tapia structure, bisected by a two-lane highway, that matched de Leóns description of his own residence, the only non-wooden structure in the settlement. Further excavation identified the main plaza and the sites of other buildings.</p><br>
<p>The property was acquired by the Puerto Rican government in 1948, which relocated the northern section of the house ruins in order to widen the road. The roadway was again widened in 1963, destroying the southern portion of the structure excavated in 1936. The museum was established in 1958; the site continues to be examined by archaeologists.</p><br>
<h2>In folklore</h2><br>
<p>A story from 1530 says that two Spanish men, Diego Ramos de Orozco and Diego Guilarte de Salazar, were living in Caparra and searching for gold in Puerto Rico&#39;s rivers, for Spain. They each had at their disposal 40 Taíno slaves. Good friends, they elaborated a plan to travel to a hard to reach, secret place in order to excavate and find gold for themselves and their own fortunes.</p><br>
<p>Immediately upon finding a large piece of gold that they had originally agreed to share, their friendship was tested. In conniving to keep the gold, Orozco used fake dice, but then suffered a bad fall. Days later, when his friend Guilarte finally returned with help, Orozco lay dying, and confessed to having used fake dice and asked his friend for forgiveness. Sierra de Orozco, a mountain located in the Cordillera Central, is named after Orozco.</p><br>
<p>Woodland is a historic house on the grounds of Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas. Built in stages beginning about 1847, it was the residence of Sam Houston from 1847 to 1859. The house is now part of Sam Houston Memorial Museum, and is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Woodland is the centerpiece of the 15 acre museum property at the southeast corner of the Sam Houston State University Campus. It is a -story log structure, finished in wooden clapboards and covered by a gabled roof. It is a classic dogtrot house, with a central breezeway flanked by rectangular log chambers, with brick chimneys at the ends. A shed-roof porch extends in front of the breezeway, supported by square posts. The breezeway includes a winding staircase which provides access to loft spaces used as bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The house was little more than a single-room log cabin when Sam Houston began enlarging it in 1847. In that year, he added the breezeway and second log structure. Later alterations improved the upper level, including construction of the staircase, and apparently reversing the front and back of the house. Houstons family occupied the house until 1859, the period during which he served as a United States senator, and as Governor of Texas. Houstons signature achievements, the independence of Texas and its subsequent annexation to the United States, happened before he took up residence here.</p><br>
<p>The house is now accompanied by a reconstruction kitchen outbuilding, as well as the restored cabin that he used as a law office.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Trinity Lutheran Church is a church located in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It occupies the Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church complex, located at 1345 Gratiot Avenue. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1981 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Trinity congregation was formed in 1850, when members of St. Matthews Lutheran Church, a German-speaking congregation, broke from the main body following the excommunication of another member. Services were first held in the chapel of Christ Episcopal Church, located at the corner of Jefferson and Hastings. Soon, the congregation bought the chapel of the Western Seamans Friend Society of Woodbridge Street, and moved it to Rivard and Larned. This building quickly proved too small, so the congregation built a new brick church at Gratiot and Rivard in 1866. This area, surrounding Eastern Market, was at the time home to a large German population and a natural fit for Trinity.</p><br>
<p>Around this time, many schools, missions, and other congregations were begun by Trinity throughout the region. In total, 132 Lutheran parishes in south-east Michigan can be traced to Trinity.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, the congregation built a new school and social hall near the church. However, the community around Trinity soon changed as families left the downtown area, and the flow of new German immigrants stopped.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, Trinity began considering renovation of its 1866 structure. However, congregant Charles Gauss stepped forward and offered to finance the building of a new church. The old church was demolished, and the cornerstone of the current church was laid in 1929 with the dedication held on February 15, 1931.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the population of downtown Detroit began moving in droves to the suburbs, and many Detroit churches, including Trinity, lost membership. However, then-pastor Gilbert Theodore Otte remained firm in keeping the church in the downtown area.</p><br>
<p>The city of Detroit recognized the 1931 church structure for its historical significance in 1979, as did the state of Michigan in 1982. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Membership, however, declined, with only 112 church members in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Bailey Farm Windmill is an historic windmill on Maine State Route 16, north of the village of North Anson, Maine. Built in 1905, it is an architecturally distinctive local landmark, with an octagonal frame and a copper-domed roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The windmill is an octagonal wood-frame structure, resting on a concrete foundation, with a wooden shingled exterior and a copper-domed roof. Its base is flared, with the entrance projecting slightly on the west-facing facade, under a gabled pediment. There are four small windows in the structure, all at different heights to provide light to the inside staircase. At the top of its interior is an observation area, which is surrounded on the outside by a broad gallery supported by sawn brackets. The dome is topped by a spire, on which are mounted the rotating mechanism and carriage of the mill. The wheel has retained its spokes, but no longer has paddles to catch the wind. This mechanism was originally connected to a central shaft, now removed, that lead down to a shallow dug well. The shaft was protected from the stairs by a tongue-and-groove partition.</p><br>
<p>The windmill was apparently built about 1905 on the farm of Benjamin and Chester Bailey, and is one of a very small number of agricultural windmills to survive in the state. It was apparently used by the Baileys and later owners until the 1920s, when the well pump was converted to gasoline power.</p><br>
<p>Windmill Hill is an historic house on Windmill Hill Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. Built in 1934, it is a fine example of Colonial Revival architecture, built as a summer house in the style of a traditional New England farmhouse. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Windmill Hill is located in a rural setting of southeastern Dublin, on the south side of Windmill Hill Road. It sits on about 4 acre of land, which slope steeply away from the road to the southeast, providing views of Mount Monadnock and the hills of Peterborough. It is a -story wood-frame structure built in a U shape with gabled roofs and shingled exterior. A rubblestone terrace wall provides a level grassy area behind the house. Its windows are six-over-six sash throughout, and there are gabled dormers piercing the roof of the central section.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by Boston architect Thomas Byrd Epps, and built in 1934 for Priscilla Prince Whitney. Originally built as a summer residence, it has been weatherized for year-round occupation. At the time of its National Register listing in 1983, it was still owned by the Whitney family.</p><br>
<p>The Bronson Windmill is an historic windmill at 3015 Bronson Road in Fairfield, Connecticut. Built in 1893-94, it is the only surviving windmill in the town, ouf a number that once dotted the landscape. It was built for Frederic Bronson, owner of the local estate. The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bronson Windmill stands on the west side of Bronson Road, opposite the Fairfield Country Day School. It is an octagonal structure about 80 ft in height, with a base about 17.5 ft in diameter. Its framing is Georgia pine, and it is anchored to the ground by locust beams set 6 ft into the ground, which are fastened to the frame by iron rods. The sides, which telescope inward as the structure rises, are dotted with rectangular window openings. The sides are covered in wooden shingles, and rise to a cornice and domed roof, which is surmounted by a directional wind vane in the shape of a rooster. The blades of the mill are stored within the building. The mill was used to draw water into a cistern located below ground.</p><br>
<p>The mill was built in 1893-94 for Frederic Bronson to provide water for use on his large dairy farm, and is the only windmill in Fairfield (out of many that once dotted its landscape). It was built by the Corcoran Storm-Defying Windmills Company of New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. Bronson&#39;s farm was large enough to require more water than rainfall typically supplied. Bronson had also built a large three-story estate house, and the mill was apparently scaled to match its grandeur.</p><br>
<p>The St. John&#39;s Church at Creagerstown Historic District is a national historic district located at Creagerstown, Frederick County, Maryland The district encompasses four contributing buildings and one contributing site, namely:</p><br>
<p>Creagerstown School Number 2, now the parish house for St. John&#39;s Church (1880) and concrete block privy / shed (c. 1930)</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Reformed Church (now vacant) (1834)</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church (1908)</p><br>
<p>Creagerstown Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The St. John&#39;s Church at Creagerstown Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine are two closely related campuses in Emmitsburg, Maryland, United States. It forms a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Saint Joseph College</h2><br>
<p>The campus is the original site of Saint Josephs Academy, a Catholic school for girls from 1809 until 1973. The 107 acre Saint Joseph College campus includes a variety of significant buildings including the Second Empire Burlando Building, St. Josephs Chapel, and an early 19th-century brick barn. The chapel embraces a combination of the Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>In June 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton (later canonized as the first native-born USA saint) arrived in Emmitsburg, Maryland and established Saint Joseph&#39;s Academy and Free School, the first free parochial school for girls in the United States. This school laid the foundation for the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. Mother Seton wrote classroom textbooks and trained her Catholic sisters to become teachers, and accepted all students regardless of ability to pay.</p><br>
<p>The college campus was purchased by the USA Government in 1979 for use as the National Fire Academy. It is home to the National Fire Academy, United States Fire Administration, National Emergency Training Center, and Emergency Management Institute (EMI), which is operated by the Directorate of Preparedness branch of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The campus also includes the learning resource center (LRC) library, the National Fire Data Center, and the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial.</p><br>
<h2>Mother Seton Shrine</h2><br>
<p>The second part of the historic district is part of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, which continues to be operated by the Daughters of Charity. The significant buildings here include the Stone House, which predates Mother Setons arrival here, the White House, and Mother Setons former tomb. The White House is the first building constructed after the founding of the college and was occupied on February 20, 1810. It has subsequently been expanded. Mother Seton is now buried in the nearby basilica that bears her name, but she was previously buried in a brick Gothic Revival mausoleum in St. Josephs cemetery. The Seton Shrine also includes the Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton and the adjacent St. Josephs Provincial House, but they are outside of the boundaries of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Strivers Section Historic District is a historic district located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Strivers Section was historically an enclave of upper-middle-class African Americans, often community leaders, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It takes its name from a turn-of-the-20th-century writer who described the district as "the Strivers section, a community of Negro aristocracy." The name echoes that of Strivers Row in Harlem, a New York City historic neighborhood of black professionals. The district is roughly bounded by Swann Street and the Dupont Circle Historic District on the south, Florida Avenue and the Washington Heights Historic District on the north and west, and the Sixteenth Street Historic District on the east.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is mostly composed of apartment buildings and rowhouses. Notable inhabitants have included Frederick Douglass, Lewis Henry Douglass, and Calvin Brent. Architectural styles represented in Strivers&#39; Section include Italianate, Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, and Second Empire. Architects and real estate developers whose works are in the district include George S. Cooper, Thomas Franklin Schneider, B. Stanley Simmons, Harry Wardman, and Frank Russell White. The historic district, which includes around 430 contributing properties, was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1983 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Strivers&#39; Section Historic District is in the north end of Dupont Circle, a historic district and neighborhood in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. The boundaries of the historic district are roughly Swann Street and the Dupont Circle Historic District on the south, Florida Avenue and the Washington Heights Historic District on the north and west, and the Sixteenth Street Historic District on the east. In addition to Florida Avenue, major roads that pass through the district are 17th Street, 18th Street, New Hampshire Avenue, and U Street.</p><br>
<p>There are about 430 contributing properties in the historic district, built between 1875 and 1946. Around 50 buildings, including the DC Police&#39;s Third District headquarters, are non-contributing. Contributing properties in the district include Old Engine Company No. 9 and these apartment buildings: The Albemarle, The Belgrade, The Kirkman, The Livingston, The Melwood, The Saint Clair, The Vernon, Willard Courts, The Wilton, and The Windermere-Harrowgate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The present-day historic district was envisioned as part of the capital city by Pierre Charles LEnfants 1791 plan, but the area remained rural and undeveloped for several decades. Holmeads Burying Ground was established in 1794 and for almost 100 years operated as a public cemetery on the southwestern border of todays Strivers Section. The bodies were later reinterned at other cemeteries in the city. Widows Mite, later known as Oak Lawn, was an estate located on the western edge of the district on the site of the present-day Washington Hilton.</p><br>
<p>By 1852, plans were drawn up for 11 squares subdivided by streets and alleys, but the rural landscape remained largely uninhabited except for scattered frame houses and shanties occupied by working-class people. The first sign of development in the districts vicinity was the construction of military camps during the Civil War. One of these camps, Camp Barker, was located near 14th and U Streets. It served as a haven for African Americans during the war and along with two other camps, developed into neighborhoods for the citys African American residents.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War the Washington and Georgetown Company&#39;s horse-drawn streetcar line opened along 14th Street and spurred development in the area. Seeing the potential for real estate in close proximity to the streetcar line, developers purchased parcels of land in the area which at the time was owned by one person. One of these developers was Henry A. Willard who founded the Willard Hotel. A street named after him runs through the center of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1870s, Alexander "Boss" Shepherd, then head of the citys Board of Public Works, led a massive improvement in the citys street layout, including in the Strivers&#39; Section. More than 150 houses were built in the area between 1873 and 1875, transforming a rural part of the city to an active residential neighborhood. These original buildings, some of which were later demolished, included simple frame dwellings and larger, more elaborate homes. Surviving examples include Italianate buildings on 17th Street, Seaton Street, and T Street.</p><br>
<p>Early residents included working-class people and professionals, African Americans and whites, but the area became most strongly identified with the African American middle class and elites who were attracted by public transit and nearby Howard University. One of these early residents was writer and statesman Frederick Douglass, who purchased three Second Empire-style homes on the corner of 17th and U Streets in 1877 as a real estate investment. Douglass&#39;s son Lewis lived at 2002 17th Street NW for more than 30 years. James E. Storum, who founded the Capital Savings Bank, lived next door. The earnings Frederick Douglass received from these real estate ventures, along with his writings and speaking engagements, ensured his financial security during retirement at Cedar Hill.</p><br>
<p>More development was spurred by the 1893 arrival of the Rock Creek Railway Companys electric streetcar service along U Street. The following two decades saw the construction of more than half of the historic districts buildings, including the prominent Old Engine Company No. 9 and rows of mostly Queen Anne-style houses. The neighborhood demographics also began a gradual shift from almost exclusively African American to a mixture that included middle-class whites. Although they lived in close proximity, both races generally lived on specific streets in the neighborhood and rarely socialized with each other.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>Most of the residential buildings constructed in the early 1900s were larger and catered to the middle class. Inhabitants included the citys Recorder of Deeds James C. Dancy and Howard University faculty member Joseph Lealand Johnson, the second African American to earn both a Ph.D. and an M.D. Architect Calvin Brent, who lived at 1700 V Street NW, is best known for his St. Lukes Episcopal Church, but he also designed the house next door, 1704 V Street NW. The row of Romanesque Revival houses along the north side of the 1700 block of U Street were built in 1902 and designed by architect Nicholas T. Haller, one of several prominent local architects whose designs are represented in the historic district. George S. Cooper, Albert H. Beers, William C. Allard, Thomas M. Haislip, Nicholas D. Grimm, and Louis D. Meline are some of the architects who designed houses along Florida Avenue, 17th Street, T Street, U Street, V Street, and Willard Street.</p><br>
<p>The residential buildings constructed during this period also included apartments, several of which are small and resemble rowhouses, and medium-sized buildings including: The Saint Clair at 1717 T Street NW, designed by Cooper in 1903, The Wilton at 1931 17th Street NW, designed by Beers in 1908, and The Livingston at 1741-43 T Street NW, designed by Hunter & Bell in 1917. The large apartment buildings were constructed on more prominent lots. Examples include: The Albemarle at 1830 17th Street NW, designed by Thomas Franklin Schneider in 1900, The Melwood and The Vernon at 1768 and 1774 U Street NW, designed by B. Stanley Simmons in 1906, The Belgrade and The Kirkman at 1918 and 1930 18th Street NW, designed by Beers and built by Harry Wardman in 1908, and Willard Courts, designed by Frank Russell White and built by Wardman in 1915.</p><br>
<p>There were a few large apartment buildings constructed during the 1920s including The New Williamsburg at 1621 T Street NW, designed by Stern & Tomlinson in 1925 in the Classical Revival style, and The Windermere-Harrowgate at 1825 and 1833 New Hampshire Avenue NW, also designed by Stern and Tomlinson in 1925 in the Tudor Revival style. Commercial properties built during this period include 1610 U Street NW, constructed in 1921 for American Motor Schools and designed by Appleton P. Clark Jr.</p><br>
<p>By the 1920s, U Street between 7th and 17th Streets featured numerous African American businesses and entertainment venues while Dupont Circle remained an almost exclusively white neighborhood. The demographics of the Strivers Section once again changed during this decade, from a mixed-race community to a mostly middle-class African American one. It was during this decade when the area earned its nickname. Strivers Section was originally a derisive term that described neighborhoods where African Americans had purchased homes from white residents. These people were supposedly "striving to get beyond members of their own race." But the term Strivers Section was reclaimed as a positive description by people including social historian William Henry Jones, who praised "negro pioneers" that didnt limit themselves to segregated areas of the city.</p><br>
<p>White residents on the neighborhoods southern border created a racially restrictive covenant that blocked African Americans and Jews from living on their streets. This was challenged in courts, but the covenants were ruled legal. Many of the African Americans who continued to live in Strivers Section during this period were prominent members of their community, but in certain areas such as Seaton Street, poor residents struggled. Gordon Parks photographed Seaton Street and its residents to demonstrate the effects poverty and racism had on the community.</p><br>
<p>After racial covenants were ruled unconstitutional in the 1948 Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer, African American residents of Strivers Section were no longer limited to which neighborhoods they could live in and began to move to other areas of the city. During the next decades poverty and crime became a serious issue in Strivers Section, made worse by the devastation following the 1968 riots. Although some historic buildings were demolished in the following decades, including ones on U Street that were replaced with the DC Polices Third District headquarters in 1974, most of the urban renewal plans that would have dramatically changed the neighborhoods appearance did not take place.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1980s, four Dupont Circle neighborhood organizations sought to expand the Dupont Circle Historic Districts boundaries to include Strivers Section, but the Joint Committee on Landmarks chose to designate the latter as its own historic district. The Strivers&#39; Section Historic District was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on June 30, 1983, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Prominent African Americans who lived just beyond the historic district&#39;s boundaries included poets Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson, educator Lucy Diggs Slowe, military officer Benjamin O. Davis Sr., opera singer Todd Duncan, attorney Charles Hamilton Houston, civil rights activist Dutton Ferguson who challenged segregation on U Street, and ophthalmologist Arthur Curtis and his wife Helen who were the subjects of the Corrigan v. Buckley Supreme Court case that involved racially restrictive covenants.</p><br>
<p>Since the designation of the historic district, the restoration of buildings in the district and the development spurred by the opening of Metros U Street station has led to a diverse population residing in Strivers Section.</p><br>
<p>Westminster Village–Academy Hill Historic District encompasses the historic first town center of Westminster, Massachusetts, as well as its later early-19th century commercial core. Centered at the junction Main and South Streets with Academy Hill Road, it contains fine examples of Colonial, Federal, and Greek Revival architecture, including the 1839 town hall. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Westminster was settled in 1737 and incorporated in 1759. Its early town center was located on a high point near the towns geographic center, now known as Academy Hill. That area included the town common, and was historically lined by houses and early civic buildings, including a church and a school house. None of the civic buildings have survived, leaving a collection of colonial and Federal period houses, to which the Colonial Revival Upton School was added in 1912. The town center migrated westward in the first half of the 19th century, when a turnpike (now Main Street) was opened, drawing first economic activity and then civic and religious buildings, while Academy Hill remained a desirable location for the towns upper class. The village reached its peak population around 1855, having grown as both a small industrial center and as a stage stop serving travelers. The town declined in economic importance after it was bypassed by the railroad.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly centered on the junction of Main and South Streets, extending west along Main Street roughly to Adams Street, and eastward along Academy Hill Road to its triangular junction with Dawley Street. The older Academy Hill area is near the eastern end of the district, while the later town center is along Main Street. Most of the Main Street buildings are Greek Revival in character, although there are examples of later Victorian and early 20th-century Colonial Revival styles. The Forbush Library, built in 1901, and the town hall (1829) are the major civic buildings in the center.</p><br>
<p>The Old Centre Historic District  is a historic district encompassing the historic town center of Winchendon, Massachusetts. It includes the town&#39;s first cemetery, the First Congregational Church, and the oldest surviving house  in town, and only one building constructed after 1850. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Land making up the town of Winchendon was granted to Massachusetts veterans of the 1690 Battle of Quebec from Ipswich, and was originally called Ipswich Canada. Early settlement did not take place until 1752, the same year the town common was laid out on the highest point in the town. Richard Day&#39;s house, probably built in 1752, still faces the common, and was considered the finest in the town at the time of its construction. Connected to other communities by a network of roads, the village did not grow significantly until after the French and Indian War, and the town was not incorporated until 1764. The village thrived in its early years, providing services to local farmers and to passing stagecoaches, but declined in the later 19th century, when economic activity and major transportation routes became focused in other areas of the town.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on a triangular common that remains from the original 1752 designation. It is located at the junction of five roads: High Street, Hale Street, Baldwinville Road, Teel Road, and Old County Road. It extends for short distances west on Hale Road and south on Old County Road, and a longer distance east on Teel Road to include the cemetery. The district&#39;s most prominent building is the 1850 First Congregational Church, but the common is faced by a number of fine Georgian and Federal houses.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Wood House is a historic house located in Westminster, Massachusetts. Built in 1756 by one of the town&#39;s early settlers, it is one of its oldest surviving buildings, and good example of colonial Georgian residential architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Nathan Wood House is located in southern Westminster, on the east side of Worcester Road (Massachusetts Route 140), just south of its junction with Patricia Lane. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the main entrance. The entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a five-light transom window and pedimented gable. The interior follows a typical Georgian center chimney plan, with parlors on either side of a narrow vestibule with winding staircase. The interior retains significant original finish, including horsehair plaster, carved wooden wainscoting, and paneled fireplace surrounds. Second-floor windows are butted against the eave in Georgian fashion, and there are simple corner boards.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1756 by Nathan Wood, a native of Concord, who arrived here not long after the Worcester Road was laid out. Wood and his descendants were active in town affairs, serving in the local militia and as selectmen.</p><br>
<p>The Ezra Wood–Levi Warner Place is an historic house at 165 Depot Road in Westminster, Massachusetts. The oldest portion of the house, now an ell attached to the rear of the main block, was built in 1759 by Nathaniel Merrill, and is one of the town&#39;s oldest surviving structures. The house has served as a hotel, stagecoach stop, post office, and as a stop on the Underground Railroad. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ezra Wood–Levi Warner Place is located in central eastern Westminster, at the eastern corner of Depot Road with Massachusetts Route 2A. The main block of the house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Ells of varying ages extend on the side and rear. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows placed symmetrically around the main entrance. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows, and has a simple trim surround. The interior retains significant original finishes, with a major restoration in the 1980s replacing some elements.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the house, its rear ell, was built in 1759. In 1803 the property was acquired by Ezra Wood, who built the main house. Wood was a prominent local citizen, serving on the town school committee and board of selectmen. He was also an early abolitionist, and it is believed the property housed fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad. It was operated by the Woods as a hotel and stagecoach stop until 1844, and by Isaac Hall afterwards, until it was closed because the railroad rendered the stagecoach system obsolete. Warner&#39;s son Olin, who achieved note as a sculptor, eventually inherited the property, passing it on to his niece upon his death. The house was moved and reoriented on its lot in the 1980s due to road realignments, preserving the original 1759 ell and main block.</p><br>
<p>The Ahijah Wood House is a historic house in Westminster, Massachusetts. The two story brick Federal style house was built in 1795 by the son of an early settler, and is a rare example of a Federal period house with a hipped mansard roof. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 .</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ahijah Wood House is located in southern Westminster, on the west side of Worcester Road (Massachusetts Route 140) near its junction with Honey Bee Lane. It is a two-story brick building, with the brick laid mainly in Flemish bond. It is covered by a mansard roof, an extremely unusual feature for its 1795 construction date. The main facade is five bays wide, with first-floor windows set in segmented-arch openings with small-paned transom windows above. The interior follows a central hall plan, with a straight run main staircase in the hall. The flanking parlors retain original corner fireplaces, and many rooms have period wood paneling. The two rooms on the north side of the second story are separated by a distinctive folding wall.</p><br>
<p>Woods father Nathan was the first colonial settler in what is today Westminster, arriving when Wood was a small child. Like his father, Wood was active in local politics, serving as town selectman. Ahijah Woods son Aaron, who succeeded to the property, was a prominent local church member, temperance and anti-slavery activist, and politician. The property remained in the Wood family until 1902.</p><br>
<p>The Vintonville Historic District is a residential historic district to the east of the center of Westborough, Massachusetts. The 20 acre district includes 80 properties on Cottage, Elm, Spruce, Green, Pine, Brigham, Cedar, South, and Beach Streets. The area, which consists of modestly sized houses built on smaller lots mainly between 1860 and 1890, is named for Otis Vinton, who platted out some of the early streets in the area.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The George R. Kress House is a Tudor Revival-style home in a canyons area of Los Angeles, California that was built in 1931. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Located in Benedict Canyon in a private gated community, it is a 98 ft by 27 ft house ranging from one-story tall on its south end to three stories on the north. It faces east. It has a terra cotta tile roof.</p><br>
<p>It is significant both for its association with a builder and practical engineer who moved buildings, George R. Kress, and for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Kress moved hundreds of houses in Pittsburgh and in Los Angeles. In Los Angeles the buildings he moved included mansions and some 13-story buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Richard Peacon House, also known as the Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house located at 712 Eaton Street  in the Old Town district of Key West, Florida. It was built around 1885 for Richard Peacon , who was the owner of Key West&#39;s leading grocery store located at 800 Fleming Street and who later became a founding director of the Island City National Bank.</p><br>
<p>The Richard Peacon House is one of two extant octagon houses in Key West, the other being located about two blocks to the northwest at 620 Dey Street. This may make the Peacon House the southernmost octagon house in the continental United States. In 1980, world-famous fashion designer Calvin Klein bought the house from New York interior designer Angelo Donghia. Klein sold it in 1987. In 2000, it was featured in the book, Key West Gardens and Their Stories.</p><br>
<p>Richard Peacon was born in Key West on August 21, 1840. His parents came from the Bahamas. In 2006, the Peacon family&#39;s Bahamian connection and 712 Eaton Street were mentioned in Preserving Paradise: The Architectural Heritage of the Florida Keys.</p><br>
<p>The Peacon House is one of many contributing properties in the Key West Historic District. It is also featured on a walking tour of historic Key West and its cemeteries.</p><br>
<p>The East End Historic District encompasses a large 19th-century residential area in eastern Galveston, Texas. The area is roughly bounded by Broadway to the south, Market St to the north, 19th St to the west, and 9th street to the east. The area has one of the best-preserved and largest concentrations of 19th-century residential architecture in Texas. It was developed mainly at a time when Galveston was the state&#39;s preeminent port. The historic district, designated locally in 1970, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Galvestons history as a port city began in 1830, when Mexico established a custom house on Galveston Island. After the Texas Republic was established in 1836, Galveston Island was developed as the republics principal port. Its street network was platted in 1838, and by 1850 it was the second largest port on the Gulf Coast (after New Orleans). This early growth included the construction of a number of Greek Revival houses in the eastern end of the island, some of which still stand. The city experienced significant growth after the American Civil War, but its growth was curtailed by the growth of Houston as a competing port, and then by the 1900 Galveston hurricane, which devastated the city and effectively ended its significance as a major port.</p><br>
<p>The eastern end of Galveston Island became its preeminent residential district, where the citys civic and business leaders built their houses. Wilbur Cherry, an early newspaper published in the city, built a house on Cherry Street in 1852 which is one of the districts oldest. The grandest mansion in the area is the so-called Bishops Palace, completed in 1893 for politician and lawyer Walter Gresham. Most of the districts 550-plus buildings are residences that show Victorian architectural styles, although a number of relatively unaltered examples of the Greek Revival survive from its early days. The East End was protected as a local historic district in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Significant and representative properties, some of which are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (RTHL), include:</p><br>
<p>Bishop&#39;s Palace (NRHP #, RTHL #), 1402 Broadway St.</p><br>
<p>George Washington Grover House (RTHL #), 1520 Market St.</p><br>
<p>Isaac Heffron House (RTHL #), 1509 Postoffice St.</p><br>
<p>Nicholas J. Clayton, Anton Korn and other architects designed buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>Holy Ghost Catholic Church, also known as Holy Ghost Mission, is an historic octagon-shaped Roman Catholic church building on the island of Maui, located at 4300 Lower Kula Road in Waiakoa in the Kula district. It was designed by Father James Beissel and built by his parishioners who were Portuguese from the Azores and the Madeira Islands who had come to work on the local sugarcane plantation. The first mass was celebrated in it in 1895. It was consecrated in 1899 by Bishop Gulstan Ropert, the third vicar apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands — now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.</p><br>
<p>On April 29, 1983, it was placed on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places and on August 18, 1983, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. It may be the only historic octagonal building in Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>In 1991 the building was closed for a year in order to undergo a major restoration. Holy Ghost Mission is still an active Roman Catholic congregation, which annually at Pentecost celebrates the Portuguese Holy Ghost Festival.</p><br>
